An informal list supplied by current graduate students:
AAAS https://www.amacad.org/about/fellowships
ACLS https://www.acls.org/Programs
American Antiquarian Society https://www.americanantiquarian.org/fellowships
Bard Graduate Center Fellowships https://www.bgc.bard.edu/bgc-research-fellowship
CLIR Fellowships https://www.clir.org/fellowships/
Colby College Postdoctoral Fellowship in STS
Columbia Center for Science and Society https://scienceandsociety.columbia.edu/node/36
Columbia Society of Fellows http://societyoffellows.columbia.edu/fellowship/
Cornell Society for the Humanities https://societyhumanities.as.cornell.edu
Dartmouth Society of Fellows https://www.dartmouth.edu/sof/fellowships/postdoc.html
Emory University Race and Human Difference::http://jamesweldonjohnson.emory.edu/home/fellowship/apply.html
European University Institute Post Doctoral Fellowships https://www.eui.eu/ProgrammesAndFellowships/Fellowships
Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies Fellowships. http://www.frias.uni-freiburg.de/en/funding-programmes
Gerda Henkel Foundation https://www.gerda-henkel-stiftung.de/application_research-scholarships
Harvard Academy of International and Area Studies: http://academy.wcfia.harvard.edu
Harvard Society of Fellows: https://socfell.fas.harvard.edu/nomination-procedure
Herzog August Bibliothek http://www.hab.de/en/home/research/fellowships/post-doctoral-fellowships...
Jackman Humanities Institute University of Toronoto https://humanities.utoronto.ca/funding
Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies https://katz.sas.upenn.edu/fellowships/fellowship-program
Max Weber Institute https://www.maxweberstiftung.de/en/startseite.html
McGill Mellon Post-doctoral Fellows: https://www.mcgill.ca/arts/research/postdocs/mellon-postdoctoral-fellows
McNeil Center for Early American Studies http://www.mceas.org/postdoctoralfellowships.shtml
Michigan Society of Fellows: http://societyoffellows.umich.edu/the-fellowship/application-guidelines/
MIT Mellon Post-doc: http://shass.mit.edu/graduate/mellon_postdoctoral_fellowship
National Humanities Center https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/become-a-fellow/
National Science Foundation
Newberry Library http://www.newberry.org/long-term-fellowships
New York Public Library Fellowships
Northwestern Science in Human Culture: http://www.shc.northwestern.edu/post-doctoral/application.html
Penn Biomedical Ethics: http://medicalethics.med.upenn.edu/education/penn-fellowship-in-advanced...
Penn State Critical Information Post-doc: http://chi.la.psu.edu/fellowships
Presidential Scholars in Society and Neuroscience: http://presidentialscholars.columbia.edu/society_neuroscience_scholars/
Princeton Society of Fellows https://sf.princeton.edu
Science History Institute https://www.sciencehistory.org/fellowships
SSRC https://www.ssrc.org/fellowships/
Stanford Clayman Institute Post-Doctoral Fellowships https://gender.stanford.edu/join-us/fellowships/postdoctoral-research-fe...
University of British Columbia Killam Postdoctoral Research Fellowship https://www.postdocs.ubc.ca/award/killam-postdoctoral-research-fellowship
UC Berkeley https://spo.berkeley.edu/fund/hpostdoc.html
University of Chicago Society of Fellows
University of Michigan Society of Fellows
USC Society of Fellows in the Humanities. https://dornsife.usc.edu/society-of-fellows/
Volkswagon Foundation https://www.volkswagenstiftung.de/en/funding
Wenner-Gren Foundation http://www.wennergren.org/grantprograms/Grants%20for%20Post-Ph.D.%20Scho...
Wesleyan Center for the Humanities https://www.wesleyan.edu/humanities/fellowships/index.html
Yale University, Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Environmental History and Humanities: https://apply.interfolio.com/59960
https://www.iash.ed.ac.uk/fellowship-programmes
http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/research/junior-research-fellowships.html
https://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/applying/jrf/
https://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/about/master-fellows/junior-research-fellowshi...
https://www.hs.ias.edu/mem_announcement
https://www.ghi-dc.org/fellowships-programs.html?L=0
http://class.cohass.ntu.edu.sg/Research/Pages/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Op...
http://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/